Showing posts with label My so-called CW Lifetime. Show all posts
Showing posts with label My so-called CW Lifetime. Show all posts

20080724

13 hours, 5 tins of anchovies, 2 pints of Ben and Jerry's, a bottle of red wine and a hunk of cheese



It took a while to sink in...

It had never crossed my mind that quality television programming could exist on networks other than the CW and Lifetime...

Yet, this past Sunday, I had a jarring -- perhaps transformative -- revelation as I lounged before my boob tube to take in the Mad Men marathon on AMC. Okay, so I needed an extra nudge from an occasional reader to discover for myself what all the buzz was about. The important thing is that I swallowed up my willful ignorance and indulged in the television equivalent of a marzipan orchestra.



Thirteen hours later, as I nurtured my bed sores, I was overtaken by a sensation of woozy euphoria tinged with a modicum of rueful anger over the fact that other television programming existed (with the exception, naturally, of Gossip Girl and Lifetime original programming).



Perhaps it was the savory dialogue, perhaps it was beautiful Jewess Rachel Menken, perhaps the way each shot was perfectly, colorfully framed as if it were itself a maquette drawn up by Sterling Cooper's Art Director Salvatore Romano.



What makes the series for me, however, are the strength and complexity of the exquisite anti-hero Don Draper as well as the tension generated by feminine aspirations in this male-dominated world, all set against the individualistic ethos propagated by Ayn Rand and adopted by the movers and shakers of the Mad Men microcosmos. In essence, then, Mad Men achieves for me the transposition of the oeuvre of that greatest American writer of the 20th Century, Mickey Spillane, (Okay, maybe Nathanael West gets points in this category, too) onto the cutthroat world of advertising. Certain scenes appear to uncannily capture in pictures the lights and darks of urban society that Spillane expressed in the bare bones poetry of his descriptions.

But whereas Spillane's Mike Hammer series seems to vaunt the triumph of individual morality over the blurred lines of an evolving society, Mad Men clearly mocks this effort as hubris.



Don Draper, himself, exemplifies this startling reversal. We are led to understand, early on, the Draper has a life scinded in two by wartime service; his pained handling of his purple heart hints at pained memories of brave service brushed under the carpet of his current achievements. This dynamic is reminiscent of Spillane's masterpiece, The Long Wait. There, Johnny McBride, amnesiac seeks to clear his name of smears which he can't recall, his life split between his actions and a forgotten past. However, just as McBride recovers through the novel a continuum of valor that justifies his current identity, we eventually discover the calculated cowardice and flight from identity that enabled Draper's ascension. This delightful ambiguity doesn't so much reveal a weakness in Spillane's narrative as it demonstrates Mad Men's ability to adapt its account of the transitional 60s to our society's self-perception in this 21st century.

Similarly, while strong women abound in the Mike Hammer adventures, their presence generates fear, distrust and anxiety. At first seduced, Hammer must conclude by reestablishing order. Thus the classic closing lines of I, the Jury:
"How c-could you?" she gasped.
I only had a moment before talking to a corpse, but I got it in.
"It was easy," I said.
Navigating the emerging social mobility of women in Mad Men, however, hardly comes easy to the aforementioned mad men. Betty Draper, Peggy Olson and Rachel Menken each expresses her desire for self-realization, and Don Draper's relationship with these women becomes a wrestling match with the status quo, the burden of passion, and marketplace calculations. The resulting consequences of belittlement, enabling and surrender mark the stark contrasts borne of these tensions in the private and public sphere. One would be hard pressed to find another program on television that traces as sophisticated a portrait of the power dynamics between the sexes.



Another one of the shining achievements of Mad Men is that, while so many programs strive for critical acclaim and authenticity through the illustration of brutal violence, the maturity of Mad Men is to portray a world where our demons and our valor express themselves in the muted betrayals and victories of personal ambition -- where the drama is generated not on the criminal margins of society but at its consensual core.

Finally, after countless hours spent watching television over the course of several years, one is once again reminded of the poverty of American fiction and the need to confront the truth that our country's greatest storytelling talents have apparently migrated to film and TV.

20080525

Sunday, Bloody Sunday


For those of you who are inclined to spend your Sunday watching television while pretending to read the Sunday New York Times, I've got good news for you... Apparently to make up for screening White Oleander, last night (I guess they figured all their viewers would be watching KG stencil S-P-A-L-D-I-N-G on Lindsey Hunter's head) my second favorite network is now having a special Fatal Sunday movie marathon. Apparently, the theme is intended to honor the decision of Hillary Clinton to continue her candidacy until Phyllis Shlafly gets an honorary doctorate (who knew?) and despite her pathology for consistently repeating statements that are not only patently false but easily disproven. I'm looking forward to watching the characters in this exciting series of movies use open-ended qualifiers and modalities such as "I find it curious" or "As far as I know" or "I don't know why" or "I'm just saying" or "Saturday Night Live/the AP said" in order to distance themselves from and avoid responsibility for lies, innuendos and vaguely inflammatory turns of phrases, generated by a narcissist's paranoia.

The lineup of excellent movies includes:

The Good Teacher: Fatal Lessons
Just when Samantha gets a grip on her battle with paranoia, she's plagued by prank phone calls, strange family illnesses and a home invasion. Could her daughter's "perfect" new teacher who she befriends be to blame for this hellish nightmare? Or has she just gone mad again with suspicions? Tune in to find out!
Fatal Reunion
Stay-at-home mom Jessica has no clue what to do when she suspects her husband is cheating. Rather than confront him, she turns to an old crush to soothe her jealous soul. But when Jessica tries ending this affair with her man on the side, he becomes a crazed stalker. Now whether she'll be able to save her marriage or her life is anybody's guess!
Her Fatal Flaw
If you think your dating life is hard, check out what happens to poor Laney! Talk about a love hangover: The nice guy this prominent attorney spent last night with winds up being the main suspect in the brutal murder of a Chicago city councilman. If that isn't bad enough, his only alibi is his one-night-stand with Laney. Watch what happens when this talented lawyer puts her career - and her heart - on the line.
Fatal Desire
When a divorced ex-cop meets a sexy, young, married woman in an online chat room, they begin a torrid love affair. As his new girlfriend convinces him that she is trapped in a dangerous and physically abusive marriage, he goes to great lengths to protect her from her violent husband. After he commits murder, he is shocked to learn that the woman of his dreams is not at all who she seems to be.
Fatal Trust
After the death of her husband, Kate moves in with her sister in a small rural community. She soon realizes that the doctor for whom she works is actually a psychotic killer who kills his elderly patients with snake venom. As she begins to unravel his secrets, she finds herself in as much danger as his patients.
From what I've read, only Fatal Desire is based on actual events, although all are plausible and speak pertinently to the dangers that lurk under what we consider rather banal, quotidian decisions. The crazy thing is, the last lawyer with whom I had a one-night stand actually did end up clearing me of a murder charge. It was her goddam daughter's Montessori teacher who killed the guy -- apparently using snake venom.

Speaking of one night stands with single mothers, for those of you who missed it last night, the Style network, which I didn't even know existed, is having an encore presentation of About a Boy today. Which, I find, withstands repetition miraculously. In fact, even if you did see it last night, I highly recommend watching it again, today. And tomorrow... and the day after tomorrow...

20080522

Gossip Girl: Erase/Rewind



That's right Upper East Siders, Constance Billard is out for the summer... and, what a year it's been! We've had a strike, offscreen romance, onscreen romance, more onscreen romance and at least 96 tears.

The season finale of Gossip Girl remained true to exquisite form. In one episode, the writers brought everything full circle. For any loyal readers out there -- those who may have read my first Gossip Girl post -- this more or less proves the solidity of my underlying analysis of what makes the show tick, and what makes it glorious entertainment:
The genius of Gossip Girl is not that it's about anticipating what's not going to happen, but rather hoping that things stay the same. The suspense of Gossip Girl rests on the ability of the characters to stay the same.
This "conundrum of stasis" and the underlying existential view of character that generates it, played out brilliantly in the season finale. Each character stretched the limits of what they believed themselves capable of, but, in the end, returned to their state of nature.

Dan experimented with lying to and manipulating Georgina. Nate punched his father again. Lilly slept with Rufus (at least, that's what we're led to believe based on their waking up in the same bed together -- the same, in fact, did not hold true for Dan and Georgina). Rufus learned how to put a bracelet on a woman's wrist. Serena cried at her mother's fifth wedding. Blair and Chuck flirted with the notion of a monogamous relationship. Vanessa was almost not annoying for the entire episode. Eric and Jenny were irrelevant.

But then, Dan decides he wants no more of the twisted, two-faced world of Sonia Rykiel Secrets, Roberto Cavalli revenge and Taste tit-for-tats. Nate takes some time to brood alone, attractively, again. Lilly says "Goodbye to all that jazz/alt-rock" and marries her a Bart Bass. Rufus smiles impotently as his dream of love rekindled falls flat like the sales of a Lincoln Hawk reissue. Serena cries when Dan breaks up with her. Blair intends to join the mile-high club (is that supposed to be capitalized?) with some george-hamilton-wannabe, while Chuck gets it on with yet another gullible and insipid, anorexic interior designer. Vanessa disappears, until she reappears. Eric remains jauntily irrelevant... Jenny -- hmm, what's going on with Jenny?

And so, at the end of the season, the old order is restored. Serena and Nate make nice on their vacay -- hinting at the possibility of one of the most boring onscreen romances ever. Blair and Chuck decide to embrace their character faults and desire for instant gratification, rather than to grow up. Dan and Vanessa restore their friendship within the confines of an "art school reject" bonhomie. Rufus is a rocker, revived, and takes his band on tour as -- of all clever references, the opening act for the Breeders. The Haves stick with the Haves, and the television Have-Nots stick with the Have-Nots. The writers push Reset, setting the viewers up for another go round of glossy envelope-pushing and lurid self-indulgent experimentation.

I can't wait until next season...

When I can only hope to see some resolution of the following issues:

Dan is rapidly becoming the most unbearable male protagonist on a television series. What is up with that? He tells Serena, "I didn't sleep with Georgina, but I might as well have" only seconds before her mother's wedding? Come on, kid, show some class. Dan demonstrates yet again how, for the under-20 set, Honesty is the lamest of all character flaws -- and the most sadistic.

Jenny is quickly becoming the most intriguing character on the show. What with her new fashion school contract (or whatever it was that they snuck in in the last minute of the show) with Blair's designing mom, she looks the most poised to attain substantive social ascension through the ranks of Constance Billard, but this time based upon image, not ability. In the way that her character plays on both image-based status and merit-based status, consistently represented through sartorial metaphors -- the stolen dress, the confusion of designer labels, the sewing machine -- Jenny plays upon the deep themes of the 19th century German romantic anti-hero.

The vanishing token asian: There she is in the upper right hand corner, almost hidden behind Jenny...

But that was from the pre-strike episodes. Then, token asian disappeared completely, until Desperately Seeking Serena, when the writers brought in a new token asian, the infamous Nelly Yuki, naturally musically adept and with a gift for standardized tests. Her one weakness? Obviously social awkwardness and "boy trouble." However, Nelly's reign as token Asian lasted only two episodes, through All About my Brother, and then she, too, was gone.

Here's my idea to remedy this issue for next season: Why not draw in a maturing tween viewership, who will have outgrown Suite Life of Zack and Cody by next Fall? Bring in Brenda Song's character, London Tipton, as a new girl at Constance Billard. In fact, spoiled hotel heiress, London Tipton would fit in quite well with the CB crowd, and could be a potential love interest for spoiled hotel heir, Chuck Bass. Makes you go hmm, doesn't it?

Finally, I have an issue with some of the commercials.
I was very alarmed by the message of the Clearasil ads that suggested that young women with clear complexions should go around aggressively and inappropriately touching people. I know that young women today are getting messages that often confuse pathological behavior with empowerment, but the message that rubbing your face up against every man you meet is confidence -- well, it's just deeply disturbing.

Also, the erratic behavior of the woman in the Secret ads who disrupted traffic and almost turned herself in to the police for a crime she didn't commit would have some of our easily influenced teenagers checked in to the behavioral health ward. Again, do we really want to promote this kind of self-destructive behavior for young women?
It's bad enough for the boys growing up under the influence of Axe ads...

Until then, anyone have recommendations for some good summer reading?


XOXO

20080519

What I learned from watching Gossip Girl



The season finale is on in a couple of hours, and I have a fistful of notes from last week's episode as yet unpublished:

First off, is it just me, or was that the quickest resolution to a problem that begins: "I killed someone."

Did anyone else who watched the show think, OMG, Lisa Loeb has clearly not yet gotten a gig to dish in one of those VH1 Countdown shows? It's pretty sad when you're the opening act to a non-existent rock ensemble.

To stay on the subject of music, I learned that there is an absolutely needless cover of Cities in Dust making the rounds.

So, I think it became apparent, based upon Chuck's flippancy and Dan's self-centered dramatics, that girls mature more quickly than boyz. I've been told that before, but hadn't had concrete proof until this past week.

The corollary to that is that crying can get you anywhere with a boy. OMFG, did Georgina not have Dan wrapped around her little pinky finger by the end of the show!?!

Much of the drama could have been avoided if it hadn't been for the now apparent Van der Woodsen secretive nature. These ladies (and Eric) seem congenitally incapable of just sayin' what's up.



I have to admit to having some concerns about the naive turn that Penn Badgely's character has taken in the last couple of weeks. If you've got a character coming from the wrong side of the tracks, he's usually supposed to be a canny kid who will only sell out his values from necessity and not out of kindness. The kid from the wrong side of the tracks is supposed to be a tough, who can detect phoniness. And indeed, second-generation rocker Dan began his trail through the glitzy world of the Upper East Side and into Serena's heart by talking truth to the smart set. However, perhaps to contrast his grit with Vanessa's authenticity, he has become increasingly the ingenu, beseiged by a world that is beyond him. The final kiss with Georgina seemed, in this context, utterly gratuitous, and strayed from the fundamental essence of Dan...
Whatever the case, if I'm Serena, I ain't takin' him back. Let him wait until he gets to Dartmouth for his next serious girlfriend.

Anyway, I think this weakness oddly enough reinforces the fundamental nature and, thus, the success of the show, that it is driven by an essentialist understanding of human nature and character rather than an existential one. The characters are in a constant struggle to maintain their identity, and find themselves constantly re-asserting themselves in an effort to achieve an equilibrium within their actions.

I must admit though to a strange, pimentoed nostalgia upon watching the past few episodes. There were times where the dialogue among Rufus and his brood came very close... but never close enough to replicating the brilliant repartee of Rory and Lorelai... and I thought, "The Gilmore Girls, now that was a show!"

Ah, I see it's time to get the popcorn a poppin' for the big finale! BRB...

Until then, I leave you with the exciting behind-the-scenes revelation of the week.

XOXO

20080510

Make that a double raki... no ice



I am having serious trouble coping with the idea of a Lifetime Original Movie without either
A) Someone getting killed
B) A psychopath
C) Both

Damn Mother's Day!

20080428

Who is Nelly Yukee?

And why wouldn't it be possible for more than one student to get into Yale from what is supposedly a prestigious Manhattan feeder school?

OMFG, Georgina!

S's nemesis arrives. Chuck shows off orange. (Confident in his sexuality or hmm... gay?)
Meanwhile, while the Token Asian Girl hasn't reappeared, B does mention some Asian student... who's apparently pretty good at the SAT's. Go figure!

20080421

OMFG That's Pathetic!

I can't tell who's more pathetic:
The Wizards or Jenny
I mean the Cavs were gonna let the Wizards back in, and instead, they emptied out their garbage all over Quicken Loans arena... Now they're getting played like Nate Archibald (and I don't mean TINY) got played by Dan's li'l sis'...

So far, no one's come out (my bet is on the above-pictured Jenny due to her just giving up any chance of ever getting nasty with Nate) on Gossip Girl, but they have announced the new Evil Serena Doppelganger figure to be played by Michelle Trachtenburgh, but known to us only by the evocative letter "G"...
At least someone knows how to create suspense!

Finally, Ca Commence....

Early signs of upping the more cerebral aspects of Gossip Girl since the hiatus:
Scene opens on a Balthus meets Brassai dream sequence...
Return of new episodes ushers in some clever intertextuality, as Serena refers to a friend making it into Brody Jenner's cellphone...
Further eeriness is delivered as Penelope's new crew is shown all lined up with spoons, eating yogurt... again a surreal tableau...

In the department of disturbing developments:
Token Asian girl has disappeared, leaving token black girl to carry the CW's minority audience all by herself...
Girls all eating yogurt, but it doesn't look like Activa brand -- what a faux pas!

B versus Chuck: XOXO



Enough talk. Now it's time to throw down!
Gossip Girl fans across the nation are getting revved up for the continuation of Gossipdom...
We don't have to care anymore about the Chace-Carrie breakup; the Penn-Blake rumors; the Chace-Jessica rumors; the Chace queer rumors; the Penn-Chace homosocial vacation-going; the endless string of club sightings.

Now, we can blissfully let truth recede and fiction hold sway once again...
XOXO

20080411

Bitter? No, I'm just waiting for someone to fight for me!


Unfortunately, I have volunteered (on behalf of a select community of academics) to lock myself in a room with Ben Smith for the entire weekend -- no, don't worry, only the hypertext marked-up version... So, my blogging may be a bit weak in the next few days -- but, afterwards, what technique I'll have learned!

Anyway, in anticipation of tomorrow's excellent Lifetime Original Movie (LOM) The Memory of My Daughter's Keeper, I couldn't help but bring some tidings on the campaign from the Lifetime front. Ahh, CW you may have my MIND, but Lifetime will always have my heart!!!!!!!

20071223

Gossip Girl Update

We saw some redeeming material on this past week's X-Mas edition of our new/old favorite show. First off, there was NO Guitar hero action.
Second, there were some poignant touches of realism. Serena learned that when a guy doesn't wear a watch... it's because he doesn't wear a watch, not because he's waiting to buy you a real expensive one. It was further quite believable to cast Dan as a promising young writer with work published in the New Yorker. Finally, Vanessa revealed herself to be simply overbearing in the "best friend" role, and ASM and I were happy to see her called out by Blair. Who would think of such stupid X-Mas gifts anyway... I was actually hoping that Serena would have all her hair cut off, and Dan would buy her some bobby pins or mousse or something.
The newly introduced Roman character was a breath of fresh air. It was good to see French finally peppered liberally on such a high-profile television show. The choice of "Roman" as a name is significant, in part due to its echo of the highly novelistic plotting of the show. A mirror along the boulevard indeed! (This line of though is invalidate, however, if his name is actually Romain, and the pronunciation of the characters was just off.) Here's hoping for future appearances of Roman in this excellent drama.
Another thing... what's up with no one involved in the show having a normal name: Penn? Blake? Leighton? Chace? What's up with that? No Amare or Gilbert? I guess my progeny won't have the opportunity to be in a show as good as Gossip Girl.
Lastly, congrats to the GG team on being named by People magazine as one of the top ten TV shows of 2007. Well deserved laurels, if you ask me.

A note about our posting: As some of you know, Monkey and I faced certain complications during our migration from the North Central AZ to Athens, GA. This has deprived us of computer and Internet access for some time. Otherwise, of course, I wouldn't have waited so long to comment on last week's episode.

A shout out to the fam for allowing use of their Internets.

20071114

Gossip Girl: "Seventeen Candles"



Speaking of narcissism and bourgeois entitlement...

As many of you already know, Gossip Girl is my new favorite TV show. But I was troubled by this evening's episode, "Seventeen Candles", because I am afraid that it may have just jumped the shark. Why? Well for those of you who watched the show, you will know what I'm talking about when I say just these two words: Guitar Hero. I'm sorry but did watching Blake Lively jam to "Free Bird" while playing guitar hero just totally kill the character's believability? The show may have recovered were it not for the very fake scene toward the end when Serena and Vanessa began bonding over... Guitar frickin' Hero.

Now, I imagine that if Monkey ever bought me guitar hero for Chanukkah (hint hint), I would probably enjoy it. But that doesn't mean that I want to watch people taking it seriously on TV! And who wrote this episode? Skynyrd? Warrant? It's bad enough that the actors playing seventeen-year-olds are between 20 and 22 -- which is still good by 90210 standards -- but they now remember the 80s, and have the musical sensibility of a guy in his early to mid-30s?
OMG ;<>

Anyway, getting back to the episode:
Jenny and Dan's mom's head is creepy. She looks like an alien fetus with a blonde wig. I wish they would bring back Annie Camden instead. Now, that's a woman what looks like a mother.

I was never invited to parties in high school. Did I miss out on sashimi?

Did you know that "Token Black Girl" and "Token Asian Girl" who sit around and offer moral support to Blair and Serena but never are incorporated in the plot actually have names? (They're Isabel and Kati, respectively.)

Now, for those of you who do watch Gossip Girl, I just wanted to mention that I find it refreshing in its insistence upon stasis. For example, I would like to briefly address its major differences with one of the greatest primetime soap operas ever: Melrose Place. Melrose Place owes much of its success to its ability to keep suspense going from episode to episode by undermining the notion of character. The characters got chained to the monster truck wheels of the plot and, as a result, seemed to end up splattered on a variety of carny rides. There was no need for motivation, because actions prevailed. Thus, you never knew when so-and-so would break up with what's-her-face to begin sleeping with the doctor guy, before going on a psychotic murderous rampage and killing Jim-Belushi's-TV-wife chick. Or whatever... as you can tell, its been a while.

Now, after a couple of episodes of Gossip Girl, one of my friends said "Well, what's going to happen now, since Dan and Serena are already together?" -- as if this were supposed to be some kind of Scully-and-Mulder or Dempsey-and-Makepeace type of show. No, the genius of Gossip Girl is not that it's about anticipating what's not going to happen, but rather hoping that things stay the same. The suspense of Gossip Girl rests on the ability of the character's to stay the same. Thus, each episode reveals their attempts to minimalize plot in order to maintain what they have, rather than pursuing change.

Dan has to keep his new squeeze while not becoming like Nate and Chuck. Blair has to show emotion, but remain solidly unsympathetic. Chuck has to be the bad guy in every episode. And Nate has to be the pouty, misunderstood rich kid. Serena has to balance glamorous with sensitive. In a way, each character is yearning for adulthood, and yet incapable of maturing, because the trappings of adulthood are already theirs. Perhaps this conundrum of stasis is best embodied in Dan and Serena's failure to consumate their relationship in the previous week's episode.

In fact, is Gossip Girl the new Bugsy Malone?


Okay, ASM, I'll let you on the computer, now...

20070514

The Passion of Annie Camden


An interesting thesis is advanced in an article from the Sunday edition of the "Nation's Newspaper" (well, the Minutemen's nation, at least). I would like to take issue, however, with some of the postulates undergirding the overall argument of the article. For instance, I don't believe that Catherine Hicks is actually a Scottsdale native. Also, I would like to refute the notion that 7th Heaven, because it is a "family" program could not develop a cult following. I personally have experienced eerie moments of recognition with several fellow members of the tribe -- by the way, never use that term to refer to Jews in the North Central (AZ); it just causes confusion -- when we learned that we had been watching 7th Heaven religiously for years, all the time thinking "I've got to be the only young Jewish male obsessed with the Camdens." Well, no...


What is it about the Camdens that kept us watching like people at a superbowl party watching the Superbowl -- except more attentively? Was it the fact that they just seemed to thrive on a decision-making model that involves neither guilt nor rational thinking? Was it the sense of illicit discovery of how Christian families live (the famed "Christmas Invitation Complex")? Was it Mary, and her offscreen descent into a slattern and profligate life of infidelity and clandestine phone calls to her younger sibs? Was it Brian's whirlwind wedding to a beautiful Jewess, thus providing Richard Lewis another unexpected paycheck in his guest appearance as Brian's rabbinical father-in-law -- the greatest coup for middlebrow Jewish talent since Judd Hirsch saved the world in ID-4? Was it the bizarre and shameles Oreo tie-in of the entire last season on the WB?


Whatever it was, the Camden family kept us hooked, and Annie Camden is right in scolding America for not believing enough in family programming. What other show on television can pass off an entire brood's neurotic fear of sex and revolving door of vagrant male houseguests as a Norman Rockwell-style vignette of Protestant American life? In fact, I believe that we watched because we understood the show's secret agenda. In the end, it did much more to undermine than to uphold the sense of entitlement and normality possessed by its middle American, family values target audience. That is why, in the telling episode when Eric becomes obsessed with talking to Ruthie about her first menstruation, rather than being the shark-jumping, "Ruthie won't be an adorable child sage forever?!?" episode of the series, it was in fact the apotheosis of the show's primary mission of revealing religious America's mania to control every aspect of child sexuality. If only the CW was renewed for another season, we might have seen Eric battle Ruthie's school over its new HPV vaccination program. Alas, it was not to be...


In any case, I will keep seeking out and updating you, dear reader, on other 7th Heaven post-mortems. My gratitude goes out to all those who might draw my attention to similar articles.